Food Value of Mushroom

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Mushrooms also are living organism and belong to a group known as  “Fungi”. They are  the members of  higher fungi, belonging to the class Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Biologically mushrooms are very much important. The biological value of mushroom includes nutritive value, medicinal value and the efficiency in digestion of other substances.The food value of mushrooms are as follows- 

                                                                    

1) Protein:Mushrooms are richest source of vegetable protein. The protein content varies from 1.1 to 4.9% in common cultivatable mushroom. All the essential amino acids including lysine are present  in much higher  amount than even egg. Among the mushroom aminoacid 25 to 40% occurs free, whereas the remaining in the form of  polypeptide, unusual amino acid and related nitrogenous compound. The amino aciods are- methionine sulphoxide, alanine, cysteic acid, hydroxyl lysine, amino-adipic acid, amino butyric acid, pipecolic acid, phosphoserine, cannavine, citrulline, ornithine, ethanolamine etc (Altamura et. al, 1967).

 

2) Mineral:Mushroom contain sufficient quantities of mineral elements such as Na, P, Ca, K, Fe etc. The amount of these mineral is equivalent to the cabbage.

 

3)Vitamin:Few mushroom like Agaricus bisporus,Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvaceae,Termymyces etc containseveral vitamins like thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid,folic acid etc. The amount of ascorbic acid in mushroom is comparable to Citrus fruits.

 

4) Fat:Mushroom cotain sufficient amount of saturated Fat. The crude fat ranges from 1to 20% of total dry weight. Among the fatty acids  Palmitic acid, Stearic acid and Oleic acid are very common.

 

5) Carbohydrate:Mushroom also cotain sufficient amount of carbohydrate. The amount of carbohydrate ranges from 3to 28% of total dry weight.In addition with normal carbohydrate it also contain some diverse type carbohydrate like Trehalose (mushroom sugar) .

 

6) Medicinal importance:Most of the mushrooms have high medicine value to reduce several  human disorder-

Name of Mushroom

        Role in controlling diseases

Agaricus bisporus

Stimulating digestion, Curing hypertension, Hyperacidity, Obesity, Constipation

Auricularia polytricha

Strengthening health, Helping blood circulation, Treatment of stomach and Piles

Pleurotus ostreatus,

Relaxing muscle, Joint pains, Antitumorous activity

Pleurotus sajor-caju

Reducing the rate of nephron detoriation (renal failure)

Volvariella volvaceae

Reducing blood pressure

 

                       It is no doubt that mushroom has a great role in food industry and world economy but the problem is that  there is no  sure or easy test  to distinguish edible mushroom from poisonous one.

 

 

 

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