Types of Ecology

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The science which deals with the study of the biota, their environment and interactions is known as Ecology. Ecology derived from the Greek word Oikos meaning habitation, and logos meaning study, i.e., study of the habitations of organisms. This is the study of ecosystem, which describe the relation between the organisms with different habitats. The environment of an organism includes both biotic and abiotic factors. These two factors have to coordinate each other to share the resources that are present within the environmental ecosystem. To understand about this mutual relationship we have to study ecology. Human being is also the part of ecosystem.


Types of Ecology

The ecological studies are all about connections of all life forms in earth and their various types of ecology. Organism Ecology This is the study of organism respond to stimuli caused by physical environment. The organisms adapt the environment either happily or ignoring away from its effect. A physical change in environment will show the change in behaviour or physical attributes.

 

(i) Population Ecology: The natural process is that, all organisms will grow and die. The factors by which they will populate are the size of colony, birth and death rate, population growth rate.

 

(ii) Community Ecology:  The association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area. Competition, mutualisms are key interactions to maintaining a community.

(iii) Ecosystem Ecology: This is the community of living organisms along with non-living environment like air, water, soil.

 

(iv) Landscape Ecology: The exchange of energy, materials, organisms and other products between the ecosystems is known as landscape ecology.

 

(v) Global Ecology: The effect of change in energy and matter exchange on the function and distribution of organism in environment.



Ref: Dutta  et et al (2020)Organism and Environment Interactions into The Basic 

Theory of Community and Evolutionary Ecology In "Organisms and Environment" Ed. Sarkar A.K.

Educreation Publication


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